Call for proposals for the East Kalimantan Pilot Programma 2003-2004

The Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (NWO-WOTRO), the Council for Earth and Life Sciences (NWO-ALW) and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) administer funds for scientific research in Indonesia and for scientific research in coastal areas.





KNAW, NWO-WOTRO and NWO-ALW are co-operating with the Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) to establish a bilateral coastal zone research programme in East Kalimantan. Follow link to download Call for proposals.

The main purpose of the East Kalimantan Programme for Coastal Zone Research Netherlands - Indonesia is to enhance and support long-term scientific co-operation between research groups within Indonesia and the Netherlands by setting up a bilateral research programme based on the principles of equal footing and mutual benefit.





The East Kalimantan Programme for Coastal Zone Research Netherlands - Indonesia is divided in a preparatory phase, the East Kalimantan Pilot Programme (2003-2004) and a Main Programme (2005-2009).


The Dutch East Kalimantan Programme Committee, appointed by the boards of NWO-WOTRO and KNAW and responsible for the preparation of the East Kalimantan Programme for Coastal Zone Research Netherlands - Indonesia, is inviting proposals for reconnaissance studies in the framework of the East Kalimantan Pilot Programme (2003-2004).


Deadline for submission: 1 October 2002





The East Kalimantan Programme Committee will be supported by the KNAW.


The East Kalimantan Pilot Programme and its projects will be administered by WOTRO.





RATIONALE





Key issues in coastal zones


Research on coastal zones is of great scientific interest, because of the large and intricately related variety of biotic and a-biotic processes, the richness of the biological systems, their social and economical aspects and the interrelation between these. Compared to the temperate regions, the understanding of tropical coastal systems has also increased considerably, though rather fragmentarily over the last decades. Most research in the past decades concerned mono-disciplinary studies of specific aspects. The interrelations between many aspects of the natural and cultural systems, however, are insufficiently understood and have not been well studied.


Improved understanding of coastal systems is much needed. Southeast Asia is a densely populated area comprising thousands of islands. The region has an extremely long coastline. A significant threat to coastal ecosystems in this region of the world is the uncontrolled and often unsustainable economic development of the coastal zone to support the increasing needs of the fast growing population, which easily results in over-exploitation and pollution of this area and in ecosystem and biodiversity changes and partial destruction. Examples are damming of rivers upstream which changes the discharge of water and sediment to the coastal systems, forcing coastal erosion; land use change in the coastal zone like the replacement of mangrove forests by fish ponds; destruction of coral reefs; and depletion of fish stocks. At the same time, the local economy often depends on the presence of a healthy coastal (eco) system.


For proper understanding of the dynamics of coastal systems and in search of modes for sustainable use of natural resources and services, a multi-disciplinary approach is needed, taking into account both the relationships between the different components of coastal systems and the socio-economical aspects which drive human activities.





COASTAL ZONE RESEARCH IN INDONESIA





Banten Bay: lessons learnt


The recently completed KNAW/WOTRO Teluk Banten Research Programme (1995-2001) has shown that an integrated research programme with a multi-disciplinary approach, contributes considerably to improved scientific and public understanding of a local coastal zone system. This case study concerned a system of limited scale and variety, characterised by a muddy coastal bay with little influence from rivers, but strongly influenced by large-scale industrial development in the densely populated area of West Java. The integrated study of the Banten Bay as one complex entity of different, but coherent natural and cultural systems proved very useful for coastal zone management and local planning.





East Kalimantan: new challenges


East Kalimantan is a relatively scarcely populated province. It has a wide variety of coastal systems under varying influences of human pressure. In parts of its coastal zones large-scale oil and gas exploitation occurs, but other areas are supposed to be still in a relative pristine state.


Rivers in East Kalimatan have a large hinterland, reaching up to more than 400 km inland, against maximally 60 km in West Java. Since the Tertiary, these rivers have developed large delta systems and they continue to do so today, varying from river-dominated strongly prograding deltas (Mahakam delta, 0°30’ S) to more tidally dominated estuarine systems like the Berau area (2°N). The occurrence of different ecosystems and their variability (like coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangrove forests, etc.) is to a large extent related to different tolerance limits and responses to abiotic factors such as sediment load (turbidity), nutrient availability, currents and tides.


The variety of coastal systems along the ca. 650 km long East Kalimantan coastline and various degrees of human pressure makes East Kalimantan a very suitable area for long-term research collaboration. An urgent reason for inclusion of longer time scales than were considered in previous coastal programmes, is the lack of, and need for understanding of the role of natural variability on longer time scales, e.g. El Niņo and its influence on a-biotic and biotic systems. Understanding this variability in relation to the linking between man-induced and natural aspects of the coastal systems, is of crucial importance for the development of a sustainable use of natural coastal resources and services. Furthermore, to increase network building and to improve ties with (local) government and industry (important for raising matching funds) it is essential to develop a long-lasting co-operation. In the long run this will result in strongly rooted scientific capacity in Indonesia, enabling equal partnerships between Dutch and Indonesian scientists.





AIMS





General Objectives Coastal Zone Research the Netherlands - Indonesia


In accordance with the targets of the international global change research programmes, the East Kalimantan Programme for Coastal Zone Research Netherlands - Indonesia aims at the study and definition of the interrelationships between climate variability, biogeochemical and morphodynamical processes, ecosystem processes and human influences in coastal zones. The coastal zone is defined as the area between land and the ocean that is evidently influenced by both environments. The main study areas will be the Mahakam Delta and the Berau Estuary and the directly adjacent part of the shelf.





The following are the general objectives of the East Kalimantan programme:


· To define the dynamics, variability, diversity and sensitivity of a-biotic and biotic coastal systems on a range of temporal and spatial scales and in response to changing environmental conditions, including increasing human impacts, in the East Kalimantan coastal zone;


· To establish the changes and variability over time scales of 50-150 years, including definition of the centennial, decadal, intra-annual and seasonal variability caused by natural variations in the system (e.g. monsoons, El Niņo and La Niņa events, and/or man-induced large-scale effects);


· To establish the role and importance of coastal morphodynamics, sediment dynamics and nutrient dynamics for the East Kalimantan coastal zone ecosystems, including coral reefs, seagrasses, animal (e.g. fish, bird, shrimp) populations, mangrove systems and fishpond developments; and vice versa, the role and importance of different ecosystems and biota on morphodynamics, sediment dynamics and nutrient dynamics;


· To make a comparison between a pristine coastal development situation, and a strongly anthropogenically influenced delta and adjacent shelf system, in particular in view of biodiversity and coastal degradation (erosion);


· To study the effects of the local and regional socio-economic and cultural developments on the evolution of sensitive coastal ecosystems;


· To define the role, importance and response of socio-economic and cultural systems under changing conditions of developing coastal environments and the way in which coastal zone management – on a local, regional and/or national level - can anticipate on future developments, to come to sustainable use of natural coastal resources.





Specific Objectives East Kalimantan Pilot Programme


The East Kalimantan Programme for Coastal Zone Research Netherlands – Indonesia will start with a pilot phase of ca 1.5 years.





The purpose of the East Kalimantan Pilot Programme is:


· To carry out preliminary studies and execute reconnaissance missions in the East Kalimantan coastal zone to identify and assess the fundamental scientific problems and challenges in the East Kalimantan coastal zone;


· To define one or more clear, inter-disciplinary, research hypotheses for studies to be carried out during the ‘Main Programme’, based on results obtained in the Pilot Programme;


· To establish and develop new and existing Indonesian – Dutch research alliances in the field of coastal zone research;


· To organise a symposium and workshop in Jakarta to conclude the Pilot Programme;


· To draw guidelines and criteria for the framework of an integrated multi-disciplinary Main Programme.





The Pilot Programme will start on 1 January 2003. Results from research activities of the Pilot Programme should be available by May 2004, before the general concluding symposium and workshop of the Pilot Programme.





Themes


Within the scope of the General Objectives for Coastal Zone Research in Indonesia, and in accordance with the Summary of Indonesian Research Project Grouping (see attachment), the following three themes are identified for proposals:





1. Ecosystem Dynamics and Biodiversity;


2. Sedimentary systems and Morphodynamics;


3. Governance and Management – with a special focus on mangroves and fish


ponds;





CRITERIA FOR APPLICATION IN THE PILOT PROGRAMME





Application


Tenured scientists of institutions that are actively involved in research activities in the Netherlands and that have corporate capacity, such as universities and research organisations, may submit research proposals for the East Kalimantan Pilot Programme. Any application must be submitted under responsibility of the institution. If more than one institution is involved in the preparation and execution of a project, all participating institutions must agree to appoint one institution with overall responsibility for the project. At least one Indonesian scientific institute or university that is actively involved in coastal research or with affinity for coastal research should support the proposal. A letter of support should be included in the proposal. Counterparts are not restricted to the Key Members mentioned in the Summary of Indonesian Research Project Grouping.





Eligibility and Scientific Merits


Eligible for funding in the East Kalimantan Pilot Programme are proposals for reconnaissance missions and short field surveys. The proposals should address the general objectives of the East Kalimantan Programme and the specific objectives of its Pilot Phase outlined above and contribute to better establishment and definition of physical, biological or social-economic processes that affect the East Kalimantan coastal zone. The proposed research activities should fit within the aims and criteria for scientific co-operation as lead down in the Memorandum of Understanding between the Dutch and Indonesian governments (http://www.knaw.nl/indonesia), and should address any of the Themes identified in this Call for Proposals. The activities should focus on high-quality scientific research.





Collaboration and Commitment


The pilot projects should preferably be carried out together with an Indonesian scientist (pm. in the Main Programme, research projects should be carried out jointly by Dutch and Indonesian scientists). Collaboration with local counterparts in East Kalimantan is encouraged. The co-operation should contribute to the building and development of scientific human resource and capacity. The results should be of scientific value and significance for both the Indonesian and Dutch parties involved, and should be relevant for the development of the Main Programme.





Budget and Subsidies


The total budget for the Pilot Phase amounts to a maximum of € 500,000. The grants will cover expenses of the Dutch institutions during execution of the project in the Netherlands and in Indonesia. The maximum funding for individual proposals is


€ 21.000 covering the costs of travel to and in Indonesia, equipment and analyses, and, if required, a visit of an Indonesian counterpart to the Netherlands.


It is anticipated that about 15 pilot proposals will be subsidised.





General expenses e.g. for the concluding workshop and symposium, logistics (e.g. shipping of equipment) and rental of ships will be funded separately from the project budget. Applicants are requested to specify the needs of ship-time on board of a large research vessel and on board of small boats. The separate budget will cover the travel expenses of one Dutch representative of each pilot project to attend the concluding workshop and symposium. The East Kalimantan Programme Committee will decide on a possible time schedule for joint activities after the review and selection of the proposals.


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PROCEDURE





Time Schedule:


- August 2002: call for proposals East Kalimantan Pilot Programme


- 1 October 2002: deadline receipt of proposals East Kalimantan Pilot Programme


- 1 January 2003: decision on pilot proposals


- January 2003 – February 2004: Practical execution of the Pilot Projects


- February 2004 – May 2004: Synthesis results of the Pilot Projects


- May 2004: concluding symposium and workshop East Kalimantan Pilot Programme in Jakarta


- Second half of 2004: call for proposals East Kalimantan Main Programme.





Proposals should be sent no later than 1 October 2002 in electronic form to:


wotro@nwo.nl


and in hard copy as well to:


WOTRO


P.O. Box 93120


2509 AC Den Haag


The Netherlands








The Dutch East Kalimantan Programme Committee will:


- Review the proposals on the basis of the set aims and criteria;


- Assess the extent to which proposed activities fit within the aims for scientific co-operation and fit within the objectives and structure of the East Kalimantan Pilot Programme, and to which extent the proposed activities may contribute to the problem definition and development of the Main Programme;


- Seek advice from external referees in judging the scientific quality, if considered necessary;


- Prepare a priority list of projects for the East Kalimantan Pilot Programme;


- Advise the boards of KNAW and WOTRO accordingly.





The Dutch East Kalimantan Programme Committee has a counterpart committee in Indonesia, which will decide on the Indonesian projects within the programme.





The Algemene wet bestuursrecht is applicable to decisions of the Boards of KNAW and WOTRO.








Electronic forms can be downloaded from the web page of WOTRO www.nwo.nl/wotro





Information: www.knaw.nl/indonesia; www.nwo.nl/wotro;


Dr. H. de Boois boois@nwo.nl Tel. 070 - 3440 752


Dr. J. Stapel johan.stapel@bureau.knaw.nl Tel. 020 - 5510 869








SUMMARY OF INDONESIAN RESEARCH PROJECT GROUPING


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SUB GROUPING PROPOSALS SUMMARY LOCATIONS KEY MEMBERS


CORE PROJECTS


Oceanography and estuarine dynamics 1. Study on variability of Indonesia Throughflow (ITF), especially for ITF through the Makassar Strait.2. Estuarine dynamics and sediment transport modelling in the Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan. Focusing on the ITF variability and its relation to ENSO in the Pacific by considering factors like the thermocline thickness, seasonal surface flow, bottom topography, seasonal monsoonal pattern, and mean throughflow. Effects on regional and local ocean circulation (and climate) in air-sea interaction system are explored. 3D baroclinic model system of ITF in Makassar Strait, forecast dynamics of ITF and its variability will be used. Estuarine dynamics will be investigated within the framework of river input (fresh water and sediments) and coastal circulation. Makassar Strait, Mahakam Delta, Berau, Derawan, Balikpapan DADANG K. MIHARDJAGM-ITBSafwan HadiGeoph&Meteo-ITB


Coastal dynamics, delta development, and the environmental changes: implication to groundwater aquifers and ecological integrity (mangrove, seagrass, corals) 1. Geoscience research for coastal zone management: coastal sedimentary processes, oceanography and environment2. Proxy data for Indian Ocean -Pacific throughflow as recorded by coral reef.3. Hydrochemical dynamics of deltaic system.4. River input into coastal ecosystem in East Kalimantan5. Study on Sediment Dynamics on Mangrove and Coastal Area of East Kalimantan Integrated studies the coastal dynamics in time and space, with special interest on further implication of the Mahakam estuarine dynamics and the delta formation. High resolution marine geological studies will be conducted to unravel past deltaic and coastal environment development and use the collected data and information for hazard mitigation, engineering design and integrated coastal zone management in general. Past climatic records during the last several thousand years revealed by the coral reefs are also used to develop regional as well as local climatic models. The impact of climatic changes and sea level fluctuation to the groundwater aquifers will be investigated, including the changes of the hydrochemical elements corresponds with the saltwater encroachment of the deltaic system and the adjacent small and low-lying islands. Estuarine waters productivity, current and tides access to riverine, nutrient budget, sediment transport, benthic community, fish abundance and diversity, pollutant – nutrient variability are examined within the light of ecological integrity. Related issues like sediment loading, decreased mangrove ecosystem, decreasing fresh water dolphin population are also addressed. Delta Mahakam, Mahakam River, Balikpapan SUBAKTIAN LUBISMGI-DEMRWahyoe S. HantoroGeotechnology-LIPIEdy M. ArsadiGeotechnology-LIPIWoro W. KastoroOceanography-LIPIGunawan P. YogaLimnology-LIPIGunawan P. YogaLimnology-LIPISyafei SidikMulawarman University


Marine biodiversity and coastal resources productivity 1. Biodiversity on groups of marine animals, strong corals (Hexacorallia), soft corals (Octocorallia), and sponges (Porifera) in East Kalimantan.2. Mangrove floristic composition, litterfall production and decomposition in East Kalimantan3. Seagrass floristic and faunistic composition in East Kalimantan4. Identification of ecological process sustaining ichthyofauna of Pesut habitats adjacent to minor floodplain lakes of Mahakam River. Research will be conducted within the world’s center of marine biodiversity, both in the pristine and turbulent areas. Marine taxa and their variation will be documented, emphasizing on the corals and sponges. The project will study the coastal mangrove, focusing on the energy contribution to detritus marine food-web and the nutrient cycle. Extensive mangrove areas, their distribution and composition of mangrove species, decomposition of mangrove forest, litterfall production and decomposition will be studied in selected transects. Seagrass inventory will be conducted in conjunction with the green turtle spawning and nursery grounds. Fish and crustacean productivity, and conservation of endangered species are some related issues to be explored.The ecological processes in minor flood plain lakes of Mahakam River will be studied within the light of the decreasing fresh water dolphin (pesut) population. CBM fishery reserves, (pesut) habitat classification, fish productivity, natural chemical substances, algae and zooplankton, are some keywords worth to be mentioned in this context. Involvement of the local scientists is highly encouraged. Northern East Kalimantan seas (Derawan), Mahakam Delta, Balikpapan waters, D. Loa Kang, Bontang DEDDY SETIA PERMANAOceanography-LIPIDede Irving HartotoLimnology-LIPIAnna ManuputtyOceanography-LIPIWawan KiswaraOceanography-LIPISyafei SidikMulawarman University


SUPPORTING PROJECTS


Remote sensing and GIS technology in tropical coastal areas 1. Study of Mahakam Delta front development.2. Assessing remotely sensed data for tropical coastal ecosystem3. Physical capability evaluation of deltaic environment to support monospecific use: GIS technology supporting CZM. Multiplatforms, multibands, multiresolution and multitemporal remote sensing technology will be applied to support the study on Mahakam Delta development in time and space. GIS and experimental small format aerial photographs will be deployed, including some radiometric measurements in selected sites. Features like delta front development, catchment area, current and tide effects will be examined to assist the inventory of tropical marine and coastal ecosystem (mangrove, coral reefs), in the light of ICZM, ending up with the carrying capacity of the area. Cooperation with local academics is promoted. Upper Mahakam basin (minor oxbow lakes), Mahakam Delta, Mangkalihat Peninsula, Berau (pristine area), Tarakan river mouth SUWAHYUONOBAKOSURTANALDeddy Setia PermanaOceanography-LIPIDede Irving HartotoLimnology-LIPISam WouthuyzenOceanography-LIPISyafei SidikMulawarman University


Human impacts and Integrated Coastal Zone Management 1. The roles of instrumental stakeholders in the management of the Mahakam Delta: degradation versus Conservation.2. The economic value of the Mahakam Delta resources.3. Bioavailabilty and accumulation of PAH and trace metals in the marine benthic fauna Threatened resources and environment in Eastern Kalimantan in general, in Mahakam Delta in particular, will be analyzed from the stakeholder conflict point of view. Instrumental stakeholders will be identified and their roles toward the ecological function as well as socio-economic functions. Major threats (natural and anthropogenic) are discerned, short- and long-term cost-benefit analysis from existing activities will be implemented, and be input to the Delta Mahakam development planning.Human impacts to the coastal waters will be examined, namely the pollution (Pb, PAH, Hg) related with the oil spills and mining activities. Bioindicators and sediments, bioenergetic and biokinetic models will be used to study the fate of contaminants. 3 sites to be determined in cooperation with other subgroupings and stakeholder profiles. Pollution studies will be carried out along the lower Mahakam River as well as along the near shore of the Mahakam Delta DENNY HIDAYATIPopulation-LIPIZainal ArifinOceanography-LIPIGunawan P. YogaLimnology-LIPISyafei SidikMulawarman University